Plane



Dec. 25, 1928. 1,696,584

w. G. SCHWER PLANE Filed 001;. 14, 1925 Fatented Dec. 25, 1928.

UNETED STATES PATENT QFFICE.

WILBEBT G. SCHWER, OF SANDUSKY, OHIO, ASSTGNOR TO SANDUSKY TOOL CORPORA- TION, OF SANDUSKY, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

ELANE.

Application filed. Gctober 14, 1925. Serial No. 62,404.

This invention relates to improvements in planes and more particularly to the mechanism by which the plane iron is mounted and adjusted.

The objects of the invention are to provide a simpler and less costly mechanism, to eliminate a number of comparatively fragile parts which are employed in planes of the usual construction and to provide for greater facility of adjustment, assembly or dismantling.

With these objects in view the invention consists in novel features of construction and combination characterized by a single retaining nut which maintains the assembly of the entire mechanism and which may be operated to permit of the usual adjustments of the plane iron.

A plane in which the features of the invention are incorporated is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal sec tional view.

Figure 2 is a sectional view on the line 22 of Figure 1 looking in the direction of the arrow.

Figure 3 is a sectional view on the line 33 of Figure 1 looking in the direction of the arrow.

Figure 4 is a plan view of the upper portion of the plane iron.

The plane body 1 may be of metal or wood and of any desired standard design. A metal body is shown in the drawing and is provided at its sides with the flanges 2, at its front end with the knob 3 and at its rear end with the handle 4L, all in accordance with the usual practice. The base or bottom of the body 1 is provided with the usual transverse slot 5 through which the cutting edge of the plane iron 6 may project, said iron being held against seats provided by transverse lugs 7 and 8, the lug 7 adjoining the slot 5 and the lug 8 engaging the plane iron at a higher point.

The plane iron is fixed against displacement by a novel co-operating assembly of a cap iron 9, a retaining nut 10 and a retaining stud 11. The capiron 9 bears against a fulcrum pin 12 secured at its ends in the flanges 2, said cap iron having in its outer face a recess conforming to the fulcrum pin and in which said pin fits. The cap iron is formed to engage the plane iron close to its cutting edge, thereby giving a double iron effect in connection with the longitudinal adjustment of the plane iron as hereafter described. Above the pin 12 the cap ron is formed with a longitudinal slot 13. The shank of the retaining nut 10 fits loosely in the slot 13 and is provided at its lower end with a flange or skirt 14 which bears against the under face of the cap iron adjacent the slot 13.

The flange 1 1 is preferably of frust-conical outline and the cap iron faces with which it co-operates are conformably inclined as shown at 15. The retaining stud 11 has threaded engagement in the nut 10 and below said nut is provided with a flange 16 which engages the upper face of the plane-iron. It will be seen that by turning the nut 10 by the fingers in the proper direction, i. e. to the right, the stud 11 being held against rotation, the flanges 14 and 16 on said nut and stud respectively will be moved relatively outward and will exert pressure in corresponding directions on the the cap iron 9 and the plane iron 6.against which they respectively bear. The pressure thus exerted by the flange 14 on the upper partof the cap iron will tend to rock said iron about the fulcrum pin 12 so that the lower end of the cap-iron will bear with corresponding pressure on the plane iron which at the same time is directly responsive to the pressure exerted by the flange 16. In this way the plane iron is held with the utmost rigidity against the seats provided by the lugs 7 and 8, the nut 10, however, being not so tight as to interfere with its convenient release manipulation.

The retaining stud 11 is provided below the flange 16 with an extension 11 which projects through an opening 17 in the plane iron, this opening being of sufiicient diameter to enable all necessary lateral adjustments of the plane iron. The extension 11* co-operates with the parts by which the adjustments of the plane iron are effected, these parts being the lever 18 which is used for the lateral adjustment and the regu lating nut 19 which is used for the longitudinal adjustment. The lever 18 is pivoted between its ends to the plane iron as at 20 and is arranged adjacent the under face of the plane iron. The projectin upper end of said lever is formed with ears 21 which provide a finger piece by which the lever can be conveniently manipulated. At its lower end the lever is formed with an opening 22 through which the extension 11 projects. In order to hold the stud 11 against turning movement when the retain- .ing nut 10 is manipulated the extension 11 is formed with a flat side 23 and the opening 22 in which said extension has a close fit conforms in outline to the cross section of said extension. The regulating nut 19 is mounted on threaded stud 2a which is suitably secured, by a lock nut 25, in the lug; 8 and extends under and parallel to the plane iron. The nut 19 is formed with a circumferential groove 26 into which the extension 11 projects. The retaining nut 10, when tightened whereby to fix the plane iron against movement, is itself held against movement in the slot 10 with the result that the connection of the stul 11 by its extension 11 to the lever 18 cannot result in any accidental displacement of the plane iron while at the same time the engagement of the extension 11 in the groove 26 prevents any manipulation of the regulating nut 19.

When it is necessary or desirable to adjust the plane iron the retaining nut 10 is backed off by giving it not more than one turn to the left so as to relieve the pressure with which the plane iron is held against the seats provided by the lugs '7 and 8 and also to relieve the pressure with which the flange 14 engages the faces 15 ot the cap-iron 9, Without, however, such relief of the pressure as would permit the plane iron to chatter. Thereupon the regulating nut 19 may be turned by the fingers to eiicct the longitudinal adjustment of the plane iron and the lever 18 may be rocked to effect the lateral adjustment of the same. The longitudinal movement ot the regulating nut 19 along the threaded stud 24 is communicated to the plane iron through the extension 11 of the stud 11 and the lever 18 and is communicated to the retaining nut 10 by the stud 11, said retaining nut sliding in the slot 13. The lever 18 is turned with reference to the stud 11 as an axis and its movement is communicated to the plane iron by the canecting pivot pin 20. i l hen the plane iron has been set by the regulating nut 19 to pro-once shaving of the desired thickness and has been alined by the lever 18. that is to say squared up with the under face of the body 1, the retaining nut 10 is again tightened so as to fix the plane iron against movement in the manner described.

The assembly of the various parts in their operative relation is at all times maintainer by the retaining nut 10, the organization be ing such that the nut 10 is the only part which requires manipulation in connetion with the removal or replacement of the plane iron. The removal of the plane iron is accomplished by backing oil the retaining nut 10 to such extent as will permit the cap-iron to disengage, that is to say fall away from the fulcrum pin 2 and thereupon pulling the ca iron upward until the base of the slot 18 engages the retaining); nut and then litting the i e assembly of cap iron, plane iron, retaining nut and stud 11 from the body of the plane. The replacement oi the plane iron is accomplished by engaging the nut 10 in tl slot 12% of the cap iron 9 and then and plane iron between the in body with the plane iron at a st 7 and 8 and thereafter alining the with the fulcrum pin 12 extension 11 being fitted in the eve 26 r the regulatine' nut, turning the retaining nut 10 so as to cause the cap-iron to engage said tulcrum pin, these operations being followed by the adjustment of the plane iron in the manner described and t e final tightening of the retaining nut 10 whereby to fix the plane iron against displacement.

The construction described has a number of substantial advantages which may be briefly recapitulated. as follows: The adjusting mechanism is greatly simplified as compared with those of known constructions. Having fewer essential parts than planes of known construction the produc ion costs are lower. The parts of the adjusting mechanism consist largely of screw machine products which r ther reduce mamitacturing costs. The ad usting mechanism more durable than those of the planes which have heretofore been in common use because the easily broken parts such as the frog and the Y-adjusting lever have been eliminated. The adjustment of the plane iron may be effected with extreme ease. ihis is also true of the removal and replacement of the plane iron since the assembly of the entire mechanism is maintained by the retaining nut. Elimination of the frog and its a ociated parts causes the forward end of the plane to be heavier than the rear, thereby giving it the proper balance. There is no lost motion in the adjusting mechanism, and the adjustment is therefore very accurate and positive under all conditions. When the re taining nut 10 is tightened, the plane iron is held so rigidly that the adjustment cannot be varied by hours of use.

Having fully described my invention, I claim 1. In a plane, in combination, a plane body, a plane iron, the body having seats or the support of the iron, and means for *uring the i on in position comprising a iron, the body having a fulcrum bearing the cap iron, a stud having a and 'ctaining nut mounted on the stud and having a flange, one of said flanges bean its seats 1p iron ing against the cap iron above said fulcrum bearing and the other bearing against the plane iron and the cap iron engaging the plane iron below said fulcrum bearing.

2. In a plane, in combination, a plane body, a plane iron, the body having seats for the support of the iron, and means for securing the iron in position comprising a cap iron, the body having a fulcrum bearing for the cap iron, a retaining nut bearing against the under side of the cap iron above said fulcrum bearing and a threaded stud on which said nut is mounted and having a tlange bearing against the upper side of the plane iron, the cap iron engaging the plane iron below said fulcrum bearing.

3. In a plane, in combination, a plane body, a plane iron, the body having seats for the support of the iron, and means for securing the iron in position comprising a cap iron, the body having a fulcrum bearing for the cap iron and the latter engaging said plane iron at a point below said bearing, and adjustable means for exerting opposite pressure against the upper portions of the cap iron and the plane iron to urge them relatively outward, the cap iron having a longitudinal slot and said means being longitudinally slidable relatively to the cap iron and for such purpose having an element slidably litted in said slot.

4. In a plane, in combination, a plane body, alplane iron, the body having seats for the support of the iron, means for securing the iron in position comprising a cap iron, the body having a fulcrum bearing for the cap iron and the latter engaging said plane iron at a point below said bearing, and adjustable means mounted for movement longitudinally of the cap iron for exerting opposite pressure against the upper portions oi the cap iron and the plane iron to urge them relatively out ard, said adjustable means being connected to the plane iron, and means engaging an element of said adjustable meas for adjusting the plane iron longitudinally,

5. In a plane, in combination, a plane body,1a plane iron, the body having seats for the support of the iron, adjustable means for securing the iron in position, a lever pivoted to the plane iron for movement with reterence to an element of the adjustable n eans as an axis, said lever being operative to effect the lateral adjustment of the plane iron and providing a connection between the same and said adjustable means, and means engaging said element of said adjustable means for' adjusting the plane iron longitudinally.

6. In a plane, in combination, a plane body, a plane iron, the body having seats for the support ofthe iron, means for securthe iron in position comprising cap iron, the body having a fulcrum bearing for the cap iron and the latter engaging said plane ironat a point below said bearing, and adjustable means mounted for movement longitudinally of the cap iron for exerting opposite pressure against the upper portions of the cap iron and the plane iron to urge them relatively outward, a lever pivoted to the plane iron for movement with reference to an element of said adjusting means as an axis, said lever being operative to effect the lateral adjustment oi the plane iron, and providing a connection between the same and said adjustable means, and means engaging said element of said adjustable means for adjusting the plane iron longitudinally.

7. In a plane, in combination, a plane body, a plane iron, the body having seats for the support of the iron, means for secuing the iron in position including a nut and a co-operating stud, the plane iron having an opening and the stud having an extension projecting through said opening, and a lever fitted on said extension and pivoted to said plane iron, said lever being movable with reference to said extension as a pivotal axis to efiect the lateral adjustment of said plane iron.

8. In a plane, in combination, a plane body, a plane iron, the body having seats for the support of the iron, means for securing the iron in position including a nut and a co-operating stud, the plane iron having an opening and the stud having an extension projecting through said opening, a lon gitudinally movable regulating nut engaging said extension and operative to effect longitudinal adjustment of the plane iron, and a lever fitted on said extension and pivoted to said plane iron, said lever being movable with reference to said extension as a pivotal axis to effect the lateral adjustment of said plane iron.

9. In a plane, in combination, a plane body, a plane iron, a cap iron, means movable longitudinally relatively to the cap iron for cooperation therewith, said means including a threaded stud having a flange bearing against the plane iron and an extension, said plane iron having an aperture through which said extension projects, and means engaging said extension for ellecting a longitudinal movement of said plane iron.

10. In a plane, in combination, a plane body, a plane iron, a cap iron, means movable longitudinally relatively to the cap iron for cooperation therewith and with the plane iron to maintain their assembly in the plane body, the plane iron being laterally adjustable with reference to said means, and means connected to said first named means and to the plane iron for effecting transverse adjustment of the plane iron.

11. In a plane, in combination, a plane body, a plane iron, a cap iron, means movllO ablelengitudinally relatively t0 the cap iron for cooperation therewith and with the plane iron to maintain their assembly in the plane body, means for effecting lengirudinal movement of said first named means and thereby effecting longitudinal adjustment of the plane iron, the plane iron being laterally adjustable with reference to said first named means, and means connected to said first named means and to the plane iron for 10 eii'ecting transverse adjustment of the plane iron.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

WILBERT e. senwnn. 

